ARTILLERY OF CORREGIDOR – BIG GUNS ON AN ISLAND

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12-inch gun of Battery Hearn
12-inch gun of Battery Hearn, one of the few guns having a 360-degree field of fire.

On the island of Corregidor at the entrance to Manila Bay, American coastal defense came to a high point in the big gun defense theory of protecting vital areas of a homeland.  Using some of the biggest guns in the American arsenal, the defenders held off the enemy for over five months.  The end came swiftly though, flaws in the system exposed terribly.  Capitulation meant the garrison force marched on to the horrors of Japanese prison camps.  With the fall of the island fortress, the theory of coastal defense would slowly re-evolve.

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PHILIPPINE SCOUTS WITH A UNIQUE STORY – MANILA ABMC CEMETERY

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Donato Cabading was a sergeant with the 45th Infantry Regiment - Philippine Scouts
Donato Cabading – right foreground – was a sergeant with the 45th Infantry Regiment – Philippine Scouts. He died the end of January 1942.

During the early battles in the southwestern Pacific, most of the defenders against Japanese aggressions were Filipino. Among the graves and the Walls of the Missing, you will find many of their names. In this post, some of the stories of the Philippine Scouts, a truly unique unit of the American Army, come forward.

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PILLAR ROCK – SALMON CANNERY RELIC ON THE LOWER COLUMBIA

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Boat in permanent drydock in front of the Pillar Rock Cannery.
Boat in permanent drydock in front of the Pillar Rock Cannery.

A recent trip took us downriver to the one of the only remaining salmon canneries along the lower Columbia River.  Pillar Rock is literally at the end of the road.  To go further east, you have to get in your boat.  The cannery dates to 1877 when it was built over the previous spot where Hudson’s Bay employees used to have an operation which salted salmon.  The salmon were then transported to the Sandwich Islands – Hawaii – for sale there, with so-so success.  Lewis & Clark also camped here both coming and going along the river. Local Native Americans had long used the site as a place of encampment for years before.

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REMOVING MYSTERY FROM THE WALLS OF THE MISSING – Manila ABMC

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A few of the Walls of the Missing - Manila ABMC
A few of the Walls of the Missing – Manila ABMC

Over 36,000 names cover the Walls of the Missing at Manila ABMC Cemetery.  The men unaccounted for during World War 2 all over the southwestern Pacific.  Most serving on ships sunk at sea or planes never coming home.  There are plenty of others, bodies never found in the jungles of the Solomons, New Guinea, the Philippines, Burma or other locations.

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MANILA ABMC CEMETERY – HEROES LIE IN THE MYSTICAL SILENCE

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The chapel at Manila ABMC Cemetery flanked on either side by the hemicycles of the Walls of the Missing.

Surrounded by skyscraping condominium towers on the former site of the Fort McKinley, grass fields festooned with thousands of white granite crosses mark the largest American military cemetery outside of the United States.  The Manila American Battle Monuments Commission – ABMC – Cemetery holds the remains of 17.097 men who died mostly in the World War 2 fighting in New Guinea and the Philippines.  The names of another 36,286 men whose remains never discovered inscribed on The Tablets of the Missing place on limestone piers within two hemicycles separated by a small chapel atop a small hill.  The quiet is out of place in the frenetic world of Bonifacio Global City outside of the cemetery walls. 

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“BALLOONS UP” – SHORT LIFE OF THE ARMY BALLOON SERVICE

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French Cagout R going up operated by men trained at Fort Omaha.

Technological advances correspond to a lot of monies spent on projects becoming out-of-date by the time of final completion or very soon after.  Excellent cases abound in the field of defense spending.  Take the example of the US Army Balloon Service for illustrative purpose.

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ARTISTS OF THE SPRUCE PRODUCTION DIVISION

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Adrian Brewer’s front page illustration for the Monthly Bulletin of the Loyal Legion of Loggers and Lumbermen for November 1918.

Men from many parts of the country and with many backgrounds having nothing to do with logging or lumber ended up during World War 1 at Vancouver Barracks.  Two such men of the Spruce Production Division were artists who already enjoyed some recognition for their work before coming to Vancouver.

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BRICE DISQUE – WARDEN OF THE SPRUCE WORLD

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Brigadier General Brice P. Disque founder and leader of the Spruce Production Division.

A recent visit to the Fort Vancouver National Historic Site took me to the museum inside the former airplane hangar at Pearson Airfield. This, one of the early hubs of military aviation in the Pacific Northwest. Besides the airplanes on display, there is a magnificent model of what was the world’s largest sawmill in 1918. On the wall surrounding the model are panels explaining the unique story of the Spruce Production Division. This unit encompassed over 100,000 men by the end of WW1 in one of the lesser remembered episodes of the war. Hanging on the wall is the haunting portrait of the commander of the Division – one Brice Disque.

Brice Disque was one of the many officers seeing rapid advancements in rank during WW1. He moved from captain to brigadier general in a under a year.  After spending fourteen years as a captain, the rise dizzying. His energy and ability to accomplish extremely difficult tasks were equal to the meteoric journey.

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VANCOUVER CUT-UP PLANT – SPRUCE WINGS TO BEARD OLD BILL

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The sawmill portion of the Cut-up Plant at Vancouver Barracks.

SPRUCE FOR THE AIR, FIR FOR THE SEA

So went one of the mottos of the Spruce Production Division during World War 1 – “Bill” being Kaiser William. The huge Cut-up Plant was erected on the Polo Grounds at Vancouver Barracks to better provide the needed correct lumber for American and Allied airplane production. “Spruce for the air”. “Fir for the sea” was for shipbuilding, a secondary purpose of the huge plant.

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MOUNT HOOD LOOP – GEMS HIDDEN JUST OUT OF SIGHT

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Bridge over the Zig Zag River
Abandoned bridge over the Zig Zag River.

Chester Moores was a member of the first party to complete a loop around Mount Hood in an automobile in one day.  They did it as part of an expedition he wrote about in a wonderful article written in the 18 July 1915 edition of The Sunday Oregonian.  They spent eleven hours out on the roads, starting with the Columbia River Gorge Highway only completed in parts the year before.  Construction of that road in Hood River and Wasco Counties would not be completed for several years.  They ended up on earlier roads, much steeper and narrower.  He writes of encountering grades of 25 to 30%. The actual Mount Hood Loop would take longer.

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