EMPHEMARILTY OF SPENDING – DEFENSE OF THE PANAMA CANAL

Squadron of B-17 bombers flying over the entrance to Panama Canal with Fort Amador below.
Squadron of B-17 bombers flying over the entrance to Panama Canal with Fort Amador below. Defense of the Canal beginning to pass from the gun to the air.

Recently, I made my fourth trip to Panama.  Each trip, a short visit to the Canal in one form or another, gets included in the itinerary.  To understate the importance of the Canal to Panama and the World from an economic point of view is not possible.  The Canal gives Panama money to do things many other countries in Latin America – especially in Central America – can only dream about.  Large freeways, light rail, subways, and a seemingly burgeoning economy from a casual tourist outlook reflect success in the heat, humidity, and constant drip – or sudden deluge – from the skies here in Panama. One factor hiding from plain sight today are the former huge efforts made in defense of the Canal.

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ARTILLERY OF CORREGIDOR – BIG GUNS ON AN ISLAND

12-inch gun of Battery Hearn
12-inch gun of Battery Hearn, one of the few guns having a 360-degree field of fire.

On the island of Corregidor at the entrance to Manila Bay, American coastal defense came to a high point in the big gun defense theory of protecting vital areas of a homeland.  Using some of the biggest guns in the American arsenal, the defenders held off the enemy for over five months.  The end came swiftly though, flaws in the system exposed terribly.  Capitulation meant the garrison force marched on to the horrors of Japanese prison camps.  With the fall of the island fortress, the theory of coastal defense would slowly re-evolve.

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